History of Coolant Base Fluid Development：/冷凍液基礎液的發展曆史：
• Alcohols 醇 低(dī)沸點，易燃
- Disadvantages: Low Boiling Point; Potential Fire Hazard
• Salts 鹽 易緻鏽，易結晶沉澱
- Disadvantages: Corrosiveness; Deposits by Cristallisation
• Glycerine 甘油 粘度高(gāo)，防凍差，與橡膠不相(xiàng)容
- Disadvantages: High Viscosity; Less Freezing Protection; Incompatibility with Rubber Hoses
The Solution: Mono Ethylene Glycol / 解決方法：乙二醇
BASF Patent granted in 1929. Brand Name:Glysantin / 巴斯夫于1929年(nián)取得專利 商品名稱: GLYSANTIN
Characteristics of Good Engine Coolants:/優秀發動機(jī)冷凍液的特點:
• Prevention of Corrosion/防鏽
• Prevention of Cavitation/抗汽蝕
• Prevention of Over-heating/防過熱
• Excellent Heat Transfer/良好的導熱性
• Stability at high Temperature/高(gāo)溫穩定性
• Compatibility with Hard Water/對硬水(shuǐ)的高(gāo)容忍性
• Little Swelling of Rubber and Elastomeres/不會(huì)引起橡膠及高(gāo)彈體的明顯膨脹
• Low Foaming Tendency/低(dī)泡
• Prevention of Deposits/防沉澱
• Freeze Protection/防凍
Basic Formulation of Coolants/冷凍液的基本組成：
1. Base Fluid/基礎液（Mono EthyleneGlycol/乙二醇），> 90% + Additives/添加劑（Surface activeInhibitors prevent/表面活性抑制劑(Corrosion/防鏽、Cavitation/防汽蝕、Deposits/防沉澱；Others/其他：pH Buffer/緩沖pH、Defoamer/消泡、Stabilizer/穩定)），5-7% + Water/水(shuǐ)（as by-productsfrom components/反應副産品），3 - 5% = Coolant Concentrate/原液.
2. Coolant Concentrate 原液(30 – 60%) + Water 水(shuǐ)(40 – 70%) = Coolant/冷凍液(ready to use/即用型).
